Complaining and Giving Instruction

1. Complaining

• To express feelings of pain, dissatisfaction, or resentment.
• To make a formal accusation or bring a formal charge.

A complaint is…

Complaints are expressions of "displeasure or annoyance" in response to an action that is seen by the speaker as unfavorable.

Making a complaint:

• I do wish you could….
• Excuse me, I’m afraid… 
• I wish you wouldn’t mind…

Contrastive Conjunction and Modal Perfect

Types of conjunction

Different types of conjunctions link information in different ways. It is important to know which conjunctions establish which types of links.

There are five main types of conjunction in English.

1. Conjunctions of addition and replacement

Additive conjunctions simply add more information to what is already there. Examples of additive conjunctions include:

and, also, in addition, not only … but also, moreover, further, besides.

Example

The study used a small sample only and was strongly criticized for this reason. Furthermore, the initial premise of the research was

Direct-Indirect Speech

Direct Speech / Quoted Speech

Saying exactly what someone has said is called direct speech (sometimes called quoted speech)

Here what a person says appears within quotation marks ("...") and should be word for word.

For example:

She said, "Today's lesson is on presentations." Or "Today's lesson is on presentations," she said.

Discussion Text

1. Definition

Discussion is a text which presents a problematic discourse. This problem will be discussed from different points of view. It presents pro and contra opinion on certain issue.

The purpose of a discussion text is to present arguments and information from differing viewpoints. Discussion texts are usually written in the present tense.


2. Points to check

• Have you been fair to both sides?
• Have you supported your views with reasons and vidence?

Explanation Text

Making Paper From Wood Chips

General statement
     Woodchipping is a process used to obtain pulp and paper products from forest trees. The woodchipping process begins when the trees are cut down in a selected area of the forest called a coupe.

Squence of explanation
     Next the tops and branches of the trees are cut out and then the logs are taken to the mill. At the mill the bark of the logs is removed and the logs are taken to a chipper which cuts them into small pieces called woodchips. The woodchips are then screened to remove dirt and other impurities.

Making Suggestion and Requesting Something

1. Making Suggestion

    a. Definition

Making Suggestion is how you express your suggestion to someone.

Narrative Text

Sangkuriang

1. Definition

Narrative text is an imaginative story to entertain the readers. Other function of narrative text is for education.

Passive Sentences

Passive sentences or Passive voice verbs are used in writing much more often than in speech, and they are used in some types of writing much more often than in others. Passives are used more in journalism (newspapers, magazines) than in fiction (novels, stories), but most journalists and fiction writers use far more active than passive sentences.

Persuading and Encouraging, Preventing Someone from Doing Something

1. Persuading

    a. Definition

Persuading is an expression to persuade someone. So, someone want to do something as like as persuader’s request.

2nd and 3rd Conditional Sentences

1. 2nd Conditional Sentences    
    a. Definition

The second conditional (also called conditional type 2) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the present or in the future.